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《月下独酌》英译8种及回译
《月下獨酌》李白
花間一壺酒 獨酌無相親
舉杯邀明月 對影成三人
月既不解飲 影徒隨我身
暫伴月將影 行樂須及春
我歌月徘徊 我舞影零亂
醒時同交歡 醉後各分散
永結無情遊 相期邈雲漢
李白这首诗恐怕是英文翻译中国诗歌中版本最多的，去年初从一个网站上得到将近三十个已经出版了的版本(当然，肯定还是不全的)，这里贴出来的是二战之前的英文翻译，以及我的回译。回译，自然是不能用原文来思考的，而必须尽量从英文来考虑，因此除非是中外文直接对等的，否则我尽量不朝中文原文上靠，尽量不借用原文的词。虽然我们可能说英文翻译了的中文诗歌根本不是诗，但在如此说之前，也要想一想我们汉语翻译了的外国诗再回译到原文中去，恐怕一样令人失望。当然，这里还有前后两个译者的水平差异。不过，这么多译本的差异本身就已经足以说明诗歌翻译中的种种问题。诗，经过翻译，再回来，还是不是诗？或者，这两次翻译中，除了无法保存诸如韵律等形式因素之外，除了字面意思之外，到底还保存了什么？
Last Words
tr Herbert A. Giles ~1900?
An arbor of flowers and a kettle of wine:
Alas! In the bowers no companion is mine.
Then the moon sheds her rays on my goblet and me,
And my shadow betrays we’re a party of three!
Thou’ the moon cannot swallow her share of the grog,
And my shadow must follow wherever I jog,
Yet their friendship I’ll borrow and gaily carouse,
And laugh away sorrow while spring-time allows.
See the moon–how she dances response to my song;
See my shadow–it dances so lightly along!
While sober I feel, you are both my good friends;
While drunken I reel, our companionship ends,
But we’ll soon have a greeting without a goodbye,
At our next merry meeting away in the sky.
临终之言
翟理斯 英译（约1900年）
花朵之荫，以及一壶酒：
唉，在这些凉亭中，我没有同伴。
月亮洒下清光，在高脚杯和我身上，
我的影子说漏了我们这是三人聚会！
虽说月亮不能倾杯喝下她的那份烈酒，
而我的影子却必须紧随我随意的漫步，
我且暂借它们的友情，纵情作乐，
趁着这春光未逝，在大笑中排解愁忧。
看那月亮，她竟以舞步回应我的歌声，
看我的影子，它也随之妙曼轻舞！
我觉得清醒的时候，你俩都是我的好友，
我感到酣醉之时，我们的相伴也就结束，
但是我们很快便会不告而别，
下一次寻欢相聚将在远天之外。
On Drinking Alone by Moonlight
tr. W. A. P. Martin (1900? )
Here are flowers and here is wine,
But where’s a friend with me to join
Hand in hand and heart to heart
In one full cup before we part?
Rather than to drink alone,
I’ll make bold to ask the moon
To condescend to lend her face
The hour and the scene to grace.
Lo, she answers, and she brings
My shadow on her silver wings;
That makes three, and we shall be.
I ween, a merry company
The modest moon declines the cup,
But shadow promptly takes it up,
And when I dance my shadow fleet
Keeps measure with my flying feet.
But though the moon declines to tipple
She dances in yon shining ripple,
And when I sing, my festive song,
The echoes of the moon prolong.
Say, when shall we next meet together?
Surely not in cloudy weather,
For you my boon companions dear
Come only when the sky is clear.
借着月光独饮
丁韪良 英译（约1900年）
这些是花，这儿有酒，
但是哪儿才是我的朋友
手携手、心映心地加入
饮一满杯，在我们分别之前？
与其独饮，
不如我斗胆邀请月亮
赏脸屈尊于
这个时辰，令这场景生辉。
看哦，她答应了，还以她的
银色翅膀带来我的影子：
这就成了三位，我们将有三人。
我猜想，月亮这位欢欣的伴
谦让有礼，推卸了酒杯，
倒是影子立即端起，
而当我起舞，我敏捷的影子
配合着我飘动的双脚。
虽说月亮辞谢不饮，
她却在远处闪亮的波动中舞蹈，
而当我唱着，我喜庆的歌，
月亮的回声袅袅不去。
嗨，我们何时再次相会？
肯定不会是阴霾的天气，
因为你啊，我亲爱的欢娱之伴，
只在天空清朗的时候到来。
Amongst the flowers is a pot of wine
tr Ezra Pound, 1915
Amongst the flowers is a pot of wine
I pour alone but with no friend at hand
So I lift the cup to invite the shining moon,
Along with my shadow we become party of three
The moon although understands none of drinking, and
The shadow just follows my body vainly
Still I make the moon and the shadow my company
To enjoy the springtime before too late
The moon lingers while I am singing
The shadow scatters while I am dancing
We cheer in delight when being awake
We separate apart after getting drunk
Forever will we keep this unfettered friendship
Till we meet again far in the Milky Way
花丛中一壶酒
庞德 英译（1915年）
花丛中有一壶酒
我独自倾注，而无朋友在侧，
于是我举起杯子邀请明媚的月亮，
连同我的影子，我们形成一组三人。
月亮虽然一点不懂饮酒，而
影子只是徒然尾随我的身体
我仍然把月亮和影子当作伴儿
一起玩赏春光，免得太迟
我唱歌时月亮徘徊不去
我跳舞时影子步履凌乱
醒着的时候，我们欢快地祝酒
在醉了之后，我们各自分开
我们永远保持这种毫无羁绊的友情
直到我们再次相遇在银河
We Three
W. J. B. Fletcher, 1919(?)
One pot of wine amid the Flowers
Alone I pour, and none with me.
The cup I lift; the Moon invite;
Who with my shadow makes us three.
The moon then drinks without a pause.
The shadow does what I begin.
The shadow, Moon and I in fere
Rejoice until the spring come in.
I sing: and wavers time the moon.
I dance: the shadow antics too.
Our joys we share while sober still.
When drunk, we part and bid adieu.
Of loveless outing this the pact,
Which we all swear to keep for aye.
The next time that we meet shall be
Beside yon distant milky way.
我们仨
佛来遮 英译（约1919年）
一壶酒在花朵从中，
我独自斟酒，没人陪我。
杯子，我举着；月亮，我相邀；
有了她与我的影子，就是三人。
月亮接着饮个不停。
影子所为便是随我而动。
影子、月亮与我三人成伴，
开心地直到春天来临。
我唱：于是月亮摇曳着时光，
我舞：于是影子也动作滑稽。
我们的欢乐，我们在情形时分享，
醉了，我们分手，道别。
这是一帮人没有缠绵的出游，
我们都发誓保持这一状态。
我们的下一次相遇将是
在遥远的银河彼岸。
Drinking Alone by Moonlight
tr Arthur Waley (1919)
A cup of wine, under the flowering trees;
I drink alone, for no friend is near.
Raising my cup I beckon the bright moon,
For he, with my shadow, will make three men.
The moon, alas, is no drinker of wine;
Listless, my shadow creeps about at my side.
Yet with the moon as friend and the shadow as slave
I must make merry before the Spring is spent.
To the songs I sing the moon flickers her beams;
In the dance I weave my shadow tangles and breaks.
While we were sober, three shared the fun;
Now we are drunk, each goes his way.
May we long share our odd, inanimate feast,
And meet at last on the Cloudy River of the sky.
就着月光独饮
阿瑟·魏理 英译(1919)
一杯酒，在开花的树丛下：
我独自饮着，没有朋友在侧。
举起杯子，我招邀明月，
有他，和我的影子，就成了三人。
可叹啊，月亮绝非饮者：
愁闷，我的影子在我身侧爬动。
而有这月亮之朋和影子之奴，
我必须在春天消逝前开心寻欢。
月亮为我唱的歌而熠熠生辉；
我的影子为我跳的舞而若即若离。
我们清醒之时，三人同欢共乐；
当我们醉了，各自走自己的路。
愿我们久享这没有人气的偶然宴饮，
最终到天上的云河中再聚。
Drinking Alone in the Moonlight
tr. Florence Ayscough & Amy Lowell (1921)
A pot of wine among flowers.
I alone, drinking, without a companion.
I lift the cup and invite the bright moon.
My shadow opposite certainly makes us three.
But the moon cannot drink,
And my shadow follows the motions of my body in vain.
For the briefest time are the moon and my shadow my companions.
Oh, be joyful! One must make the most of Spring.
I sing–the moon walks forward rhythmically;
I dance, and my shadow shatters and becomes confused.
In my waking moments we are happily blended.
When I am drunk, we are divided from one another and scattered.
For a long time I shall be obligated to wander without intention.
But we will keep our appointment by the far-off Cloudy River.
月下独饮
弗洛仑丝·艾斯考、艾米·洛厄尔 英译(1921)
一罐酒，在花丛。
我独自，饮着，无伴。
我举杯，邀请明月。
我的影子对面，自然就成了我们三个。
但月亮不能饮。
而我影子尾随我身体的运动，徒然地。
只在最段的时光中，月亮和我的影子是我的伴儿。
哦，尽欢吧！不能虚度春光。
我歌——月亮也走上前来，很有节律；
我舞，我的影子散落了，混乱了。
在我清醒的时刻，我们在一起其乐融融。
当我醉了，我们彼此分开，各自散去。
会有很久，我将不得不好无目地的游走。
但是我们可以相约在遥远的云河。
Three with the Moon and his Shadow
tr Shigeyoshi Obata (1922)
With a jar of wine I sit by the flowering trees.
I drink alone, and where are my friends?
Ah, the moon above looks down on me;
I call and lift my cup to his brightness.
And see, there goes my shadow before me.
Ho! We’re a party of three, I say,–
Though the poor moon can’t drink,
And my shadow but dances around me,
We’re all friends to-night,
The drinker, the moon and the shadow.
Let our revelry be suited to the spring!
I sing, the wild moon wanders the sky.
I dance, my shadow goes tumbling about.
While we’re awake, let us join in carousal;
Only sweet drunkenness shall ever part us.
Let us pledge a friendship no mortals know,
And often hail each other at evening
Far across the vast and vaporous space!
与月亮和自己的影子成为三个
小畑薰良 英译(1922)
带着一壶酒，我坐在开花的树丛下。
独自饮着，我的朋友在何处？
啊，天上的月亮俯瞰着我；
我喊它，为它的明亮而举杯。
可是，看啊，我的影子在我眼前。
呵！我们这就三人成众了，我说——
虽然可怜的月亮并不会饮酒，
而我的影子也就是围着我舞动，
今夜，我们都是好友，
饮者、月亮与这影子。
让我们的欢宴不辱春光！
我唱，狂乱的月亮便在天上游走。
我舞，我的影子在周围晃荡。
趁着清醒，我们一起加入狂欢；
只有甜美的沉醉才可将我们分离。
让我们誓言永葆人间不识的友谊，
常在黄昏彼此呼唤，
隔着烟霭缥缈的杳阔苍天！
Drinking Alone with the Moon
tr Witter Bynner, 1929(?)
From a pot of wine among the flowers
I drank alone. There was no one with me–
Till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon
To bring me my shadow and make us three.
Alas, the moon was unable to drink
And my shadow tagged me vacantly;
But still for a while I had these friends.
To cheer me through the end of spring . . .
I sang. The moon encouraged me.
I danced. My shadow tumbled after.
As long as I knew, we were boon companions.
And then I was drunk, and we lost one another.
. . . Shall goodwill ever be secure?
I watch the long road of the River of Stars.
与月亮独饮
惠特·拜纳 英译(1929?)
从花丛中的壶中
我独自饮酒。没有人与我同坐——
接着，我举杯，请求明月
为我带来影子，于是我们成了三个。
唉，月亮不会喝酒，
而我的影子紧跟着我，茫然地；
但我起码暂时有了这些朋友。
令我振作，直到春尽……
我唱歌。月亮予以鼓励。
我跳舞。影子紧紧相随。
只要我还有知，我们就是好朋友。
然后我醉了，我们就失去了彼此。
……善意能否永远可期？
我遥看星河之路绵延悠长。 | 
